Holy | Senile Delusions...

Response To Zakir Naik Part 2: The Oppressor, The Oppressed and A Sacrifice

Monday, January 12th, 2009

Read this and this first.

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In 60 AH, Yazid (L.A.), son of Muawiyah (L.A.), came to power. And the first step he took was to ask the Governor of Madinah, Walid bin Utba (L.A.), to get Imam Husain (A.S.) to pay allegiance to Yazeed (L.A.), or send his head to Damascus.

Imam Husain (A.S.) refused. He then packed up his belongings and left Madinah with his friends and family members, including his sisters, daughters and other Hashmiite women and children, to avoid bloodshed in the Prophet’s (S.A.W.W.) city. He travelled to Makkah where he stayed for four months.

At the time of Hajj, he received news that Yazeed’s men were moving around in Ahrams, pretending to be Hajis, hiding weapons and intending to kill him. So he converted his Hajj to Umrah and left Makkah to avoid the sanctity of the Haram being stained with his blood. His final destination was Karbala, Iraq. Find brief accounts here and here.

Now, Mr. Zakir Naik praised Yazeed as a Taba-e-Tabieen and appended R.A. to his name. He also called the battle of Karbala a political battle. Below are my thoughts on this.

Event of Karbala, the Political Battle

Karbala being a political battle implies that both Imam Husain (A.S.) and Yazeed (L.A.) were after the throne of the Muslim world. Yazeed (L.A.) was already the ruler, which in turn means that it was Imam Husain (A.S.) who demanded it from him. If we take a look at the deal between Imam Hasan (A.S.) and Muwaiyah (L.A.), it is an important point that the throne was to pass on to either Imam Hasan (A.S.) or Imam Husain (A.S.) after Muawiyah’s (L.A.) death. But instead of sticking to his word, Muawiyah (L.A.) passed it on to his son Yazeed (L.A.). Yet, Imam Husain (A.S.) did not ask for what was rightfully his. But Yazeed (L.A.) was not content with it and decided to go a step ahead and demand allegiance from Imam Husain (A.S.)!

Imam Husain’s (A.S.) journey from Madinah to Makkah, and then to Iraq stands testament to the fact that he did not want bloodshed. Moreover, he took women and children with him on his journey, which further strengthens the point that he did not intend to fight. Yet, Yazeed (L.A.) sent his forces after him. From this, I can only gather that it was Yazeed (L.A.) who was forcing a battle on the Husaini camp. Which in turn implies that it was Yazeed (L.A.) who had political motives, not Imam Husain (A.S.). When Imam Husain (A.S.) reached Karbala, he bought the land for sixty-thousand dirhams which made him the owner of the that land. Imam Husain (A.S.) was attacked and martyred on his own property!

The question here is then, why didn’t Imam Husain (A.S.) pay allegiance to Yazeed (L.A.)?

Translation: Verily those who plight their fealty to thee do no less than plight their fealty to Allah: the Hand of Allah is over their hands: then any one who violates his oath, does so to the harm of his own soul, and any one who fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah,- Allah will soon grant him a great Reward. (Al-Fatah: 10)

Notice the part: The hand of Allah is above all (does not pay allegiance to anyone)!

Allah has a hand? Where? Since he does not have a body and is not a physical entity, how does he have a hand then?

Since Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.) was his representative in this world and as the system of Baiyat (paying allegiance) was introduced by Islam, therefore the hand of Allah meant here is the hand of Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.) (see verse above). And according to a hadees in the previous post:

“Husain is from me and I am from Husain!”

Imam Husain (A.S.) in turn was a representative of Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.). Which means that if Imam Husain (A.S.) had pledged allegiance to a drinking, sexually indulgent “kaafir” like Yazeed (L.A.), it would have been synonymous to accepting his claims that Allah did not exist, there had been no revelation and the Bani Hashim (A.S.) had lied about Muhammad’s (S.A.W.W.) prophethood. Moreover, this hadees also implies that Yazeed (L.A.) had in fact asked for allegiance from Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.)!

Therefore, Imam Husain (A.S.) denied pledging allegiance to Yazeed (L.A.), and set on a journey to avoid bloodshed in the sacred lands and even asked Umar Ibne Saad Ibne Abi Waqas (L.A.), commander of the Yazeedi army in Karbala, to let him go to the Indian sub-continent and not smear his hands with the Prophet’s (S.A.W.W.) blood, but Ibne Saad rejected the offer.

Imam Husain (A.S.) had two choices:

Pledge allegiance to Yazeed (L.A.). This would have led to the death of Islam, and consequently to the death of Allah.
Sacrifice his life and family for Islam.

The chosen path of Imam Husain (A.S.) is known to everyone.

Now, it is evident that Imam Husain (A.S.) never asked for the throne. Rather, he chose to leave everything behind and move to a different land so Yazeed (L.A.) could have no danger from him, and bloodshed could be avoided. But Yazeed (L.A.) was after something else. After the battle of Karbala, when Imam Husain’s (A.S.) sister, Lady Zainab Binte Ali (S.A.) was brought to the court of Yazeed (L.A.), he made the following statement while playing with Imam Husain’s (A.S.) head with a stick:

“Had my ancestors been alive today, they would’ve been proud to see that I have avenged our losses in the battles to Muhammad!“

But Mr. Zakir Naik, perhaps, does not know that.

Yazeed, the Taba-i-Tabieen

The land of Hijaz (Makkah and Madinah), is one of the holiest lands of Islam, having two of the most sacred sites on Earth, the Ka’abah and the shrine of the Prophet (S.A.W.W.) himself. Shedding blood is prohibited within the boundaries of the Haram and the Mosque. Why did then Yazeed, a devout Taba-e-Tabieen, send his men to shed Husain’s (A.S.) blood on the sacred land?

Let’s go to Karbala and see how this Taba-e-Tabieen’s army violated the teachings of Islam, shall we?

On the 7th day of Muharram, water was stopped from reaching the Husaini camp by the Yazeedi forces. Where in Islam is it permissible to stop water on anyone?
Imam Husain (A.S.) and his followers were attacked by the Yazeedi army during the Fajr prayers. Is this according to the teachings of Islam?
If you take a look at the martyrs of Karbala, you’ll find that most of them are children of ages less than fifteen years. Is it permissible to kill children in any war?
Imam Husain’s (A.S.) six-month old was put to sleep by a three-headed arrow in his own arms. Does Islam permit killing a newborn? Forty years before Qayamat (Day of Judgment), women will stop giving birth so there is no sinless child on the planet on that day. This is the justice of Allah, would he be happy with the death of little Ali Asghar (A.S.)?
Imam Husain (A.S.) was beheaded at the time of Asr, in the state of prostration to Allah, as were all the other martyrs, including the six-month old, who was dug out of his small grave! All heads were mounted on spears. After that, all the bodies of the martyrs were trampled with horses and torn to pieces. Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.) commanded 87 battles in his lifetime. Can someone show me one such instance where he ordered any of the above?
The tents of the Husaini camp were set on fire. The women were forced to come out of them, and then their veils (chadars) were snatched. Small children running out of the tents were trampled and killed by the riders of Yazeed’s army. All survivors were then tied with chains, their hands and necks bound tight. Husain’s (A.S.) sole surviving son, Ali Zain-ul-Abideen (A.S.) was forced to wear a stone neckbrace stretching from fingertip to fingertip with metal pricks in the neck-hole. His hands and legs were bound tied and he was forced to walk in this. Which one of the above attrocities does Islam preach? A piece of the stone neckbrace can be found hanging above the grave of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar.
The prisoners were then marched off to Damascus, without food or water. The routes deliberately taken, went through bazaars and crowded places where people could have a good look at the prisoners. Please keep in mind that the Husaini women (read women of the Prophet’s (S.A.W.W.) household, including both of his granddaughters) were purdah-less. Does Islam teach to do this to it’s own founders family? Did Rasoolullah (S.A.W.W.) ever teach to disrespect any woman in this way? Husain’s (A.S.) son Ali Zain-ul-Abideen (A.S.) was asked, “Why do you cry so much? Shahadat (martyrdom) is your inheritance and destiny.” To which he replied, “You haven’t done justice to us. Shahadat is our inheritance but is it also our inheritance that our women and children are paraded bareheaded in the bazaars of Kufah and Damascus?”

If all the above are Islamic teachings, why do we blame the West for making fun of us then? We have disgraced our religion ourselves.

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Quoting once again from a previous post:

“Qul La As-alukum Alaihin Ajran Illal Mawaddata Fil Qurba!“

“Say: I do not ask of you (followers) any return for it (teachings) but love for my near relatives.”

(Holy Quraan, 42:23)

The verse is popularly known as the Ayah-e-Mawaddah (Verse of Mawaddat or the Verse of Devotion)

The term “Al-Qurba” in this verse, based on the traditions narrated from the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.W.), embraces only “Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husain and no one else”.

The tradition from Ibne Abbas has it that when the “mawaddat ul-qurba” verse was revealed, the Prophet (S.A.W.W.) was asked: “O messenger, who are your near relatives who should be loved?”

He stated: “Ali, Fatimah, and their sons!”

This tradition has been narrated by Muhib Tabari in “Zakhair al-`Uqba” 25/1; Ibn Hanbal in “Manaqib” 110; Mo’min Shabilenji “Nural-Absar” 101; and Zamakhshari in “Kashshaf” as annotation to the said verse.

In the “Tafsir al-Kabir”, Fakhr Razi has related the said narration from “Kashshaf” and has said that based on this verse, Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husain should be revered and sanctified. He has also cited lines of verse from the Shafii’ Imam, Muhammad bin Idris Shafii’ in this regard. A line of it is as follows:

“If love for the members of the Household of the Holy Prophet is heresy, then the world should stand witness that I am a heretic.“

Now, in light of the above verse and traditions, would Allah be happy with Imam Husain’s (A.S.) killers? If Allah is demanding in the Quran that people love Imam Husain (A.S.), was Yazeed (L.A.), the Taba-e-Tabieen, one of them?

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In a recent program on ARY (sometime around the riots in Karachi), in the program Aghaz with Aniq Ahmed, Mufti Munib-ur-Rehman narrated a hadees, the idea of which was “If there is a murder or crime on Muslim land, the ruler is responsible.” Now I don’t know why but this hadees makes me blame Yazeed (L.A.) for Imam Husain’s (A.S.) martyrdom. Does it do the same to you?

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Are we blind enough to not see that Islam, our dear religion, whom we all aspire to follow truly and dearly (and fail miserably), would not have been here save for one man’s sacrifice, and that of his family and friends? They stood up to a tyrant, fought valiantly and gave up their lives for but one cause: save Allah’s name on this planet. They sacrificed every thing they had but did not falter in their stand. That lone man picked up seventy-two bodies from Fajr to Asr, including those of his nephews, brothers and sons, one of whom completely resembled the Prophet (S.A.W.W.) himself. This son of his was eighteen year old and breathed his last in his father’s arms. Which father has the heart to bear this? As if this was not enough, his six-month old was slaughtered in his arms too. Yet he did not give up. He had to save his grandfather’s hard work of twenty three years. He had to save all those who were to come. He had to save us!

And look how we have repayed him. We try to turn his sacrifice into a political war. We uphold his murderer as the devout follower and consider it taboo to mention his own name. Yet we aspire to follow what he saved. Talk about thanklessness. Way to go, Zakir Naik!

Sometimes, I’m just ashamed at our condition. We are a nation of idiots and bastards!

But hell, I can already foresee a few comments here. “Stop preaching Shia values!”, “Yazeed and Muawiyah were good this way and that way”, “Bani Umayyah were the best of the best” – Bullshit!

انسان کو بیدار تو ہو لینے دو

ہر قوم پکارے گی ہمارے ہین حسین

علامہ اقبال

Doesn’t look likely Iqbal, our nation has taken sleeping pills. Humanity will wake up but Muslims will keep on sleeping. You do not know of our response to the Israeli barbarism, do you? You left this world even before Israel came into existence. Lucky you, our condition today would’ve killed you multiple times.

How can we condemn the Israeli barbarism today, when we fail to condemn the barbaric acts 1369 years ago?

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“Fourteen hundred years of Muslim literature has passed a verdict that Husain was good and Yazeed was bad. Zakir Naik can not change that.”

Allama Dr. Syed Zameer Akhtar Naqvi

شاہ است حسین ، پادشاہ است حسین

دین است حسین، دیں پناہ است حسین

سر داد نہ داد دست در دستِ یزید

حقّا کہ بناءِ “لا الھ” است حسین

خواجہ معین الدّین چشتی اجمیری

Translation:

Emperor is Husain, King is Husain,

Religion is Husain, the shield of religion is Husain,

Gave his head but did not give his hand to Yazeed,

True that the basis of La Ilaha Ill Allah is Husain!

Don’t blame me for the verse, it’s the Sufi saint Moeen-ud-din Chishti Ajmeri’s. And I believe he was a better Muslim than all of us, don’t you think? Plus Emperor is not the correct translation of Shah. ‘Shah’ means one who commands land as well as the skies and even beyond that.

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P.S. Sorry for the personal rant in between. I meant to write a conclusion but emotions took control.

12.01.2009 Ali(A.S.), Captives of Karbala(A.S.), Enemies of the Ahle Bayt (A.S.), Fatimah Zehra(S.A.), General Knowledge, Hasan(A.S.), History, Husain(A.S), Martyrs Of Karbala(A.S.), Muhammad(S.A.W.W.), Rants, Reflections, Religious, Women, Zain-ul-Abideen(A.S.) 20 Comments

Allah And The Intricacies Of Space-Time

Sunday, December 14th, 2008

I asked a question “The Universe is billions of years old. How old then, is Allah?”

Well, here’s the answer after a long wait.

Asking “How old?” implies a measurement of time. Now we all know that time started when the Universe was created. And so did space. But this reduces our frame of thought. There could be any number of things that might have been created before our Universe. There may be parallel universes running alongside ours for all we know.

You can skip this blockquote if you want.

There are many theories about the birth of the Universe. One of them is of Quantum Fluctuation.

Planck Time is the earliest moment in history where our physics still works. It is the shortest amount of time we can probe in the laboratory with our current knowledge of physics. It’s value is 10^-43 sec.

This particular theory states that Universe was born from a quantum vacuum. A quantum vacuum is a state of a quantum field in which no quanta are excited, i.e. no particles are present. It is a state of minimum energy and has potentiality (read Potential Energy). Laws of classical physics do not apply here, only quantum mechanics. Our Universe originated from a quantum vacuum. Before Planck time (10^-43 seconds of the Universe), classical physics is not applicable to the Universe, i.e. space-time did not exist.

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that for a pair of conjugate variables for a particle, such as position/momentum and energy/time, it is impossible to have a precisely determined value of each member of the pair at the same time. For example, a particle pair can pop out of the vacuum during a very short time interval.

So what the theory states is that according to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, there were fluctuations in the vacuum and particles pairs appeared and disappeared quickly, from nothingness. This is not ordinary nothingness, it has potentiality. Slowly, this gave birth to the Universe which was a compact particle in the beginning with extremely high density, and expanded into “black holes forming and disappearing”. Expansion continued, space-time formed after Planck Time and slowly the Universe was created as we see it today.

I’m sorry, that was the most I could understand of this crappy concept. But it accepts the fact that energy (potentiality) was present at the beginning in the quantum vacuum. It’s origin, anyone?

If we take the first creation of Allah, i.e. the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W.) and mark it as the beginning of celestial time, much before the birth of the Universe, or as the beginning of “all” time, what before it?

Allah is the creator of all, He created Space-Time so He cannot be subject to it. But the question above provides one problem in this theory. What was Allah doing before the origin of celestial time? The word “origin” indicates a beginning. If Allah is devoid of space-time, He has neither a future, nor a past. Only the present. If so, how do we explain our “past, present and future” in terms of His “present”?

Simple!

Let’s take the example of a ray of light. It travels from the Sun to our Earth. Let the Sun and Earth be two points A and B, respectively. At all given moments of our time, Allah is watching both points. He is aware of all that will happen when the ray originates from A, to the moment it culminates at B, i.e. He can see the past, present and future of that ray of light, at the same time!

Still confused? Let me simplify it more.

Picture a film editor with a reel of film spread out before him. The film is divided into different frames, each of which has a different moment of time imprinted on it. When we watch the film on a screen, each frame appears one by one, creating a “motion” effect. But the editor is looking at all frames at the same time.

Here, each frame on the film is analogous to each moment of time. We experience motion but Allah is looking at all moments simultaneously!

For Him, Prophet Adam (A.S.) is being created, the storm of Nooh (A.S.) is in full swing, Musa (A.S.) is splitting the Nile with his Asa (walking stick), Eesa (A.S.) is being crucified, Muhammad (S.A.W.W.) is declaring Prophethood, Ali (A.S.) is being born in the Ka’bah and martyred in the mosque of Kufah, Husain (A.S.) being slain in Karbala with his family and friends, Pakistan gaining independence, me typing this post, Zakir Naik and [Dr. ?] Israr Ahmed going bonkers and upholding the tyrannical Bani Umayyads (L.A.), all at the same moment!

Savvy?

I’m feeling sleepy…

14.12.2008 Amazing, Captives of Karbala(A.S.), Enemies of the Ahle Bayt (A.S.), Facts, General Knowledge, Husain(A.S), Martyrs Of Karbala(A.S.), Me, Muhammad(S.A.W.W.), Reflections, Religious, Science 38 Comments

Date of Birth of Imam Muhammad Taqi (A.S.)

Tuesday, July 15th, 2008

The 10th of Rajab marks the date of birth of the 9th Imam in the Progeny of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W.), Imam Muhammad Taqi (A.S.). He was born in the year 195 AH in Madinah.

Courtesy: Syed Awn Husain Rizvi

Name, Title and Kunniyat

He was born Muhammad to Imam Ali Raza (A.S.) and Bibi Sabikah Khatoon (S.A.), whom Imam Raza (A.S.) used to call by the name Khaizarun. She belonged to the tribe of Bibi Maria-e-Qibtia (S.A.), the wife of the Prophet (S.A.W.W.) from whom he had his son Ibrahim (A.S.) who died in infancy.

About Bibi Sabikah Khatoon (S.A.), the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.W.) said:

“My father be sacrificed on the mother of the 9th Imam who will be a pure and pious Nubian.”

The most famous of his titles are Taqi (Pious) and Jawwad (Generous). His Kunniyat is Abu Ja’far, meaning father of Ja’far.

Family Tree

Muhammad-e-Taqi (A.S.), son of, Ali-e-Raza (A.S.), son of Musa-e-Kazim (A.S.), son of Ja’far-e-Sadiq (A.S.), son of Muhammad-e-Baqar (A.S.), son of Ali Zain-ul-Abideen (A.S.), son of Husain (A.S.), and Fatimah (S.A.), daughter of Hasan (A.S.), both sons of Ali (A.S.) and Fatimah (S.A.), son-in-law and daughter of the Prophet (S.A.W.W.), respectively.

Childhood

Imam was only 5 years old when his father was called to Baghdad by Mamun Rashid (L.A.), the then Abassid (L.A.) caliph, to be his ‘heir apparent’. When Imam Ali Raza (A.S.) was leaving he saw his son putting sand in his hair. He asked why and the young Imam replied that this was what an orphan did.

Imam Raza (A.S.) was poisoned by Mamun Rashid (L.A.) in 203 AH and Imam Taqi (A.S.) became Imam at the small age of 8 or 9 years.

The Level of Knowledge and Scholastic Attitude

Mamun (L.A.) called the young Imam (A.S.) to Baghdad from Madinah and offered his daughter, to try to bribe him by making him his heir and also in the hopes that the much awaited Imam Mehdi (A.S) to be born in Imam’s lineage would be from his daughter’s children. This infuriated his family (the Abassids [L.A.]). To prove to them the excellence of Imam even at a young age he arranged a meeting between Imam and the most learned of men at that time – Yahya bin Aksam.

It was a grand occasion with some 900 other scholars present.

Imam (A.S.) was first asked by Yahya:

What is the compensation (kaffara) for a person in Ehraam who hunted and killed his prey?”

Imam replied that there were many more details required before he could answer the question:

1. Did the Muhrim (one in Ehraam) hunt in the haram or outside?
2. Did the Muhrim know Sharia or not?
3. Did he hunt intentionally or not?
4. Did he hunt for the first time or was this one of many times?
5. Was he free or a slave?
6. Was his prey a bird or an animal?
7. Was it big or small?
8. Had he hunted by day or by night?
9. Was he baligh or not?
10. Was he repentant or not?
11. Was his ehraam for Hajj or Umra?

Yahya was stunned!

Although Mamun (L.A.) did succeed in forcing Imam (A.S.) to marry his daughter Ummul Fazl (L.A.), his plan never neared fruition as his daughter gave birth to none and he could not subdue Imam (A.S.) either.

Imam’s Holiness and Knowledge of All To Happen

Following the martyrdom of Imam Raza (A.S.), eighty men of wisdom traveled to perform Hajj. On the way, they arrived in Madinah and went to Imam’s (A.S.) house to pay him a visit. Imam (A.S.) who was at a young age (child), moved into the aggregation and all of them stood up to honor and respect him.

Then they asked questions about their problems and heard responses of the Imam (A.S.) and were very glad. One of them named Ishaq says, “I had written down a number of problems to ask from the Imam (A.S.) and request him to pray for me so that God gives me a son. Since the assembly was quite overcrowded I got up to go and come back the next day. Imam (A.S.) saw me and told me that O Ishaq, God has granted my demand (prayer) and will give you a son. Name him ‘Ahmad’.

“Thereafter, Imam (A.S.) answered my problems. I heard the answers to my questions without even putting them to Imam (A.S.).

“I was much surprised and said that I thank God for the benediction and boon that he has given us. He is the same proof of God (Imam) as I returned to my city, not long after God gave me a son just as Imam (A.S.) had said. I named him ‘Ahmad’.”

Ashari Qumi says, “I had the honor to visit Imam (A.S.). I humbly said that one of the ladies, who is your follower, has asked me to bring along with me one of your dresses for her so that she may use it as her coffin.

“Imam said that she did not need it any longer.

“I did not exactly understand what it meant. I did not utter a word and said good-bye to Imam (A.S.) and came back. Afterwords, I came to know that a few days before my reaching the Imam (A.S.), that woman had died.”

One day in Baghdad, some children were busy playing on a street. Standing near them was the 9th Imam (A.S.). Suddenly the children saw Mamun Rashid (L.A.), the Abbasid (L.A.) ruler passing by with his soldiers. The children quickly dispersed from that place. However, Imam (A.S.) did not run away, rather he (A.S.) stood at his place.

When Mamun (L.A.) arrived at that spot, he looked at the young boy and asked, “Haven’t you recognized me? Why didn’t you move from this place?”

The young child replied, “The path is not narrow that it would become wider by moving aside, nor have I committed any crime that I should run away from you. Moreover, I do not think that you are the sort who would punish someone who is innocent”.

This hit Mamun (L.A.) very hard. He stared at the handsome and illuminated face of this young child for sometime and was wonder-struck. He realized that this child couldn’t be an ordinary child so he asked, “Tell me what is your name?”

The child said, “I am Muhammad”.

“Whose son are you?” asked Mamun (L.A.).

The child replied, “I am the son of Ali-e-Raza, son of Musa, (A.S.)”.

When Mamun (L.A.) heard this, he praised the 8th Imam (A.S.) and left.

However, the incident does not end here.

After this brief meeting with our Imam (A.S.), Mamun (L.A.) proceeded to a nearby forest for hunting. There, he released his eagle, which flew and returned after a while with a small live fish in its beak. Mamun (L.A.) was quite surprised by this. As he returned and passed by the same spot where he had met our Imam (A.S.), he found the young child again at the same place.

So he halted and asked him, “O Muhammad! Tell me what do I have in my hand?”

Imam (A.S.) replied, “Allah has created many vast oceans from which clouds are formed. When clouds are forming, they absorb small live fish which are caught by the eagles of kings, who then use them to test the Imams of their times”.

Mamun was dumbfounded by this reply and said, “Indeed you are the son of Ali-e-Raza, son of Musa, (A.S.) – for such miracles are not impossible from his son”.

(Soure: Ahsan al-Muqaal)

Martyrdom

When Mamun (L.A.) died, Mu’tasim (L.A.) ascended the throne. He, like his Abbasid (L.A.) ancestors, was worried about the leadership of Ahle Bayt (A.S.) and their political and scholarly status. Therefore, he exiled Imam Taqi (A.S.) from Madinah to Baghdad in the year 219 AH, for fear from his popularity and extending his effect. He did this, in order to draw the Holy Imam near the center of power and scrutiny and isolate him from practicing his popular, political and scholarly role.

Imam (A.S.) stayed in Baghdad until the year 220 AH, when he was martyred from poisoning by his wife Ummul Fazl (L.A.) at the instigation of the ruling Abbasid caliph Mu’tasim (L.A.).

His short life lasted twenty five years and some months, and was full of historical, ideological and scholarly struggles and achievements. He is the Imam martyred at the youngest age, and second youngest Infallible with respect to age, behind Bibi Fatimah (S.A.), the Prophet’s (S.A.W.W.) daughter, who was martyred at the age of slightly less than eighteen.

The Holy Imam (A.S.) was martyred in Baghdad in the year 220 AH, on the 29th of Ziqa’ad and was burried in the graveyard of Quraish behind his grandfather, Imam Musa-e-Kazim (A.S.), the seventh holy Imam. The place has became famous as Kazmain, in Iraq.

Some Pictures of Kazmain